Dana Blankenhorn

The True Cost of Bitcoin

If America’s enemies wanted to bury this country under energy costs, it could do worse than to have invented Bitcoin.

Greed has made Bitcoin the world’s energy sink. Bitcoin uses as much energy as the country of Argentina. Most of this new Bitcoin is being produced in China, leaving most of the country dependent on coal. It’s not just China being hurt. A Bitcoin miner in Montana, a former patent troll, is keeping a local coal-fired power plant operating. 

The waste doesn’t stop there. It costs about $25 million of electricity per day to run the Bitcoin network.  The current estimate for Bitcoin energy consumption this year is over 100 Terawatts.  And it’s not just Bitcoin. Every cryptocurrency is an energy hog. 

Some cryptocoin advocates, like Ethereum inventor Vitalik Buterin, admit the truth. He wants to change Ethereum’s algorithm so it uses less electricity.

But Buterin is in the minority. Most Bitcoin advocates claim what I just wrote is a myth. It’s supposed to use a lot of energy, at first, they claim. The existing transaction networks also use energy. Bitcoin’s use will drop once it replaces every other currency. Oh, and if you’re using hydropower or “excess” power from otherwise unused sources, what’s the harm? 

This is bullshit. Bitcoin isn’t a currency. Currency values remain relatively stable during a trade, otherwise they’re useless. Bitcoin is an asset, a global index of fear and greed.

Whip Deflation Now

While most people my age remain scarred by the inflation of the 1970s, I’ve long known something they didn’t.

Deflation is the problem.

Technology is naturally deflationary. Moore’s Law, the idea that chips could get better and better faster and faster, also means more output of everything, for less money.

We’ve seen this with every recession of my career. In the 1980s, computing cut warehouse space and distribution jobs. After the dot-bomb of 2000, it came for middle management. After the Great Recession cab drivers, hoteliers and retailers were thrown on the fire.

The pandemic has squeezed 10 years of technology change into one, as business has been forced to adapt. A lot of these changes are permanent because they cut costs.

Most knowledge workers will never return to their offices. Schools and colleges are being forced to use online resources to increase efficiency. Malls may never re-open, replaced by online shops. Ghost kitchens cut the size of restaurants. Fintech is replacing banks and brokers with apps. Semi-autonomous cars don’t need drivers. Electric cars don’t need oil.

Efficiency piles on efficiency. Even credit card processing carries technology debt. Bank and brokerage settlements can be replaced by apps, value replaced by digital stablecoins, everything can be done on the cloud.

Range Anxiety

Wall Street doesn’t know this, but the electric car market is in deep trouble. 

The problem is “range anxiety.” Zoom in on this map to see where we are now. The problem is acute, even in California.

Today, most electrics are used close to home. You buy a 240-volt plug, you snuggle the car up close, and you recharge it at night, just as you do your phone. Fine if you have a house. But not everyone lives in a house.

Some apartments have opened charging stations in their garages, and there are lots of on-street 120-volt and 240-volt “free charging” places. But you can’t scale the business that way. Free chargers quickly get full as electrics cease being a curiosity. And how long are you going to give electricity away? Third (and perhaps most important) wall current takes all night to deliver a fill-up. Most stations today are delivering wall current.

The Downside of Energy Abundance

The first half of the last decade was marked by an energy gold rush.

Fracking made the USA energy independent for the first time in decades. Outside its impact on the environment, the boom was short-lived.

By 2014 demand was beating supply, and the boom has now turned to dust.

It wasn’t solar and wind power that killed the boom. It was efficiency and technology. LEDs require a lot less power than fluorescent bulbs. Intelligence added to warehouses and stores reduces the need still further. Insulation means you need less electricity for heating. New appliances are more energy efficient. The cloud is super-efficient, and the excess energy can be recycled. Laptop technology means this took less power to write than it would have then.

The oilpatch did its bit to kill the boom, too. There are now huge oilfields off South America and Africa that we didn’t know about before. The eastern Mediterranean gas fields have made Israel independent of Arab energy. Things like fracking and boiling the Alberta tar sands aren’t just environmentally destructive. They’re economically worthless.

All these things have put a thumb down on energy prices. That thumb is getting bigger over time. As I predicted in 2010 (based on Department of Energy research) we have now achieved “crossover,” the point where renewable energy costs less to exploit than fossil fuels. It’s hard today to justify a new natural gas plant. Soon, solar will cost less than gas fired in an existing burner.

The result is going to be another energy boom, this time a renewable energy boom.

But this one, too, has a sell-by date.

Resources and the New Era: What the Best Futurists Got Wrong

This coming year represents the start of a new era.

It’s an era defined by technology, as much as the previous era was defined by resources.

I’ve written here many times that the gating factor for technology is human capital. The more trained, empowered, and willing human minds you can bring to bear, the more you can grow. Contrast this to the resource era, where the key to growth was control, over the land and what lay on or beneath it.

The politics of 2020 were defined by the clash of these two economies. It was expressed throughout the culture. But the market made its verdict clear, and it was a true landslide.

T for Texas, T for Tech

For Republicans, the most exciting post-election news is that some tech companies are moving to Texas.

Tesla is going. HPE is going. Oracle is going.

Supposedly, this means California sucks and that business prefers Texas, with its lower taxes, lax environmental laws, and strict caste system.

The result will be the opposite of that. Here’s why.

First, it’s mostly loser companies that are moving.

HPE is a loser company. They supply data centers. It’s a declining market. Having them in Compaq’s old city (HP bought Compaq under Carly Fiorina) instead of where HP itself was born is no big deal. This isn’t Bill and Dave’s company anyway. It hasn’t been since it went all-in on PC manufacturing in the 1980s. HP spun out the original company as Agilent in 1999. HPE isn’t even all of HP. The company broke up in 2015. The computer and printer piece is bigger.

Biden’s Solar Problem

Assuming Joe Biden wins Tuesday, he has a problem.

If he doesn’t win, America and the world have a bigger problem, one I don’t think we can overcome. So, let’s assume the world goes on for a moment.

Joe’s solar problem is something the computer industry faced around the time when I was becoming a reporter, in the late 1970s. Until then, computers were capital goods. They were either leased or purchased over time with loans. Even my first PC purchase, in 1982, was with a loan.

Loans and leases built a business model that was smashed by the PC era. Both loans and leases carry huge external costs and margins. My Massapequa neighbors had nice houses and cars. Their fat sales or engineering salaries were paid for by IBM customers, who compared the cost of having IBM handle their problems to the cost of doing things manually and signed their names to lines that were dotted.

In 1981 IBM didn’t just start selling a PC. It became a computer products company. It licensed the likeness of Charlie Chaplin, who had died in 1976, from his estate. It used the rose he offered his amour in City Lights, painting it a bright red. Then it distributed the PC through computer stores, who placed it on shelves alongside the printers and other peripherals. By the 1990s you wouldn’t think of hiring a “computer specialist” to sell you stuff, unless we were talking about a networking expert who got his own hands dirty.

The Common Good

Without an overwhelming victory for democracy on November 3, I’ll be glad to die.

Trump is the ultimate expression of a basic misperception, that private goods matter more than the public goods, that national well-being matters more than global well-being, that fences and borders can isolate and separate us.

This is especially true when it comes to the environment.

My children face a bleak future unless current climate trends are reversed. But the U.S. can’t change it alone. Every country must do its part.

The ice caps’ disappearance means many cities around the world are doomed. New Orleans is doomed. Miami is doomed. New York City is doomed. So are Calcutta, Mumbai, Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur. Sea level rise means these places will soon be underwater.

Meanwhile, the methane of the Siberian tundra is bubbling to the surface. Fires in the Amazon and West mean the Earth can no longer breathe. The “habitable” part of the U.S. will be cut by two-thirds within 50 years. The oceans are warming so that, along with overfishing, all that’s left will be jellyfish.

In past bouts of global warming, when the ice caps disappeared, nature adjusted. Cooling trends returned and nature came back. With man-made global warming, there’s no natural reversal. It takes 80 grams of energy to melt a gram of ice. Once the ice is melted, 80 grams of energy take its temperature to 112.

Creating Demand

Right now, the biggest problem for the U.S. economy is a lack of demand.

We didn’t go on vacation. We didn’t go out to restaurants. We’re not getting on planes, or trains. We’re not even using our automobiles much.

This service sector of the economy, where today’s unemployed were working before the pandemic, has been crushed. It remains crushed. It will remain crushed until the pandemic is over.

The only solution offered has been to subsidize spending. That subsidy ended in September. Trump’s people stole the money, and the Fed pumped trillions into Wall Street investors who didn’t need it. The result is the greatest transfer of wealth in history, from the poor and the middle class to the wealthy and, indeed, to the ultra-wealthy.

Better Days Are Coming

When you hit bottom, when you are at the end of your rope, when you're in true despair, you can’t imagine getting out.

America is at the bottom. We’ve found that what we said about ourselves was tissue thin. The economy has collapsed around our ears. Death is all around us.

But better days are coming.

We can beat COVID-19. We know how to do it. Other countries have done it. Europe and much of Asia are opening, coming out of their cellars, living again.

The key is cooperation.

That’s all it takes. Wear a mask when you go out, or a face shield. Try to stay home. Wash your hands. Stay away from other people. Love thy neighbor.

The virus travels on the droplets you expel when breathing. It travels fastest when you sneeze, but even those droplets don’t travel much further than 6 feet. If 95% of us cooperate with each other, then the rate of transmission will drop below 1 and we’ll be back on the downward slope again.